Unit: 8 Information Security and Cyber Law
Short Answer Questions:
1. What do you mean by Information security? Explain.
Ans: Information security is the process of securing information from unauthorized access, alteration, or destruction. It encompasses various measures and protocols designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. By implementing robust security practices, organizations can ensure that sensitive information remains secure and reliable, minimizing the risk of unauthorized disclosure or tampering.
In a rapidly evolving digital landscape, information security plays a crucial role in safeguarding sensitive data. This involves implementing a range of measures, such as encryption, access controls, and regular audits, to defend against unauthorized access, data alteration, or malicious destruction. Confidentiality is maintained by restricting access to authorized personnel, ensuring that only those with the proper permissions can view or manipulate sensitive information. Integrity measures focus on preventing data tampering, guaranteeing that information remains accurate and unaltered. Additionally, availability safeguards ensure that data is accessible when needed, minimizing disruptions and ensuring the smooth functioning of systems. Information security is a dynamic field that adapts to emerging threats, providing a resilient framework for protecting valuable digital assets in today's interconnected world.
2. Explain the terms of software piracy, plagiarism, and pornography.
Ans: Software Piracy: Software piracy is like using or copying computer programs without permission. It's a bit like taking a game or an app without paying for it or getting the owner's approval. Imagine if you made a cool game, and someone used it or sold it without asking you first—that wouldn't be fair, right? Software piracy is a similar idea.
Plagiarism: Plagiarism is when you use someone else's work, like their words, ideas, or pictures, without giving them the credit they deserve. It's a bit like copying your friend's homework and saying it's yours. Plagiarism is a no-no in school, work, and many other places because it's important to recognize and respect the effort and creativity of others.
Pornography: Pornography is a term used to describe pictures, videos, or other things that show explicit sexual content. It's meant for adults because it shows private and intimate stuff. Just like some movies and shows are suitable for different ages, pornography is something that's meant only for grown-ups. It's important to be aware of this and make sure you're following rules about what's appropriate for your age.
3. What do you mean by the digital divide? What is its effect on modern society?
Ans: The digital divide is like a gap between people who have easy access to computers and the internet and those who don't. Imagine some friends have awesome gadgets and the internet to help with school and fun stuff, but others don't have these things. That's the digital divide.
Now, how does it affect modern society? Well, it's a bit like some friends have cool tools to learn, work, and connect with others online, while others miss out on these opportunities. This gap can make it harder for some people to get the latest info, find jobs, or study online. So, society works better when everyone has a fair chance to use digital tools, learn, and enjoy the benefits together. Closing the digital divide is like making sure everyone gets to join the digital party!
4. Describe computer ethics in detail.
Ans: Computer ethics is a set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers. Computer ethics is like having good manners when using computers and the internet. Just as you're taught to be polite and fair in real life, computer ethics guides how you should behave in the digital world. It's about using technology responsibly and respectfully. For example, not stealing or copying other people's work without permission, being honest online, and treating others kindly in digital spaces. Computer ethics also means thinking about the impact of your actions on others and being a good "netizen" – someone who contributes positively to the online community. It's like being a good friend to others, even in the virtual world. So, computer ethics is all about using technology wisely and being a good digital citizen.
5. What is an intellectual property right? Explain the types of intellectual property rights.
Ans: Intellectual property rights are like shields for things you create using your mind, such as stories, inventions, logos, or secret recipes. Think of it as a way to keep your special creations safe from others who might want to use them without asking. There are different types of these shields:
Copyright: This protects things you create, like books or art, so others can't copy them without your say-so.
Patents: If you invent something new and cool, like a gadget, a patent makes sure only you can make, use, and sell it for a while.
Trademark: Imagine you make a special logo or a catchy business name. Trademarks help keep these unique things safe so others don't confuse them with similar ones.
Trade Secret: This is like having a secret recipe for something awesome. It's info that gives your business an edge, and you keep it quiet to stay ahead.
6. Explain the terms of privacy and anonymity in detail.
Ans: Privacy is like having your own space where you can keep things to yourself. It's about keeping personal information, like your secrets, safe and not sharing it with everyone. Imagine having a diary with your thoughts – that's private, just for you.
Anonymity is when you can do things without others knowing who you are. It's like wearing a mask at a costume party. You can join in and do stuff, but people won't know it's you. Anonymity helps keep your identity a secret.
Now, in the digital world, privacy means making sure your online secrets are safe, and anonymity means you can do things online without everyone knowing it's you. Just like closing the door to your room for privacy, and wearing a mask at the party for anonymity!
7. Define computer crime and its different forms.
Ans: Computer crime is like breaking the rules in the digital world. It's when people use computers or the internet to do bad stuff. Imagine if someone stole your online game password or tricked someone into giving away their personal info—that's a computer crime.
Now, there are different types:
Hacking: This is when someone breaks into computers or networks without permission, like a digital break-in.
Phishing: Imagine getting a fake email that looks real, asking for your info. If someone falls for it, that's phishing—someone's trying to trick them.
Malware: These are like digital germs that can harm a computer. They include viruses, worms, and other nasty stuff.
Identity Theft: It's when someone pretends to be someone else online, using their name or info to do bad things.
Cyberbullying: This is like being mean to others online, using the internet to hurt or harass people.
Computer crime is all about misusing technology, and just like in real life, it's important to be careful and follow the rules to stay safe online.
8. What is cybercrime. Explain its effects in this contemporary (समकालिन)society.
Ans: Cybercrime is like breaking the rules using computers and the internet. It's when people do bad things online, such as stealing passwords, tricking others, or spreading harmful computer germs. Imagine someone pretending to be you or being mean to others on the internet—that's cybercrime.
Now, in today's world, cybercrime can cause a lot of problems. It can make people lose money, have their personal information taken, or even be bullied online. It's like having digital thieves and troublemakers that can affect our lives. So, it's important to be careful and follow the rules to stay safe in the online world.
9. What are the provisions of cyber law in Nepal?
